Quick answer
The Alzheimer's Association describes Alzheimer's in three general stages: early (mild), middle (moderate) and late (severe). In the early stage, people often live independently with some memory lapses. The middle stage is typically the longest, with more confusion and a growing need for daily help. In the late stage, people need around-the-clock care. Stages overlap and people progress at different rates. Care usually moves from planning and light support, to daily help or memory care, to full-time care and hospice. (800) 614-8388 to talk through options.
Early stage (mild)
Common changes: trouble finding words or names, forgetting what was just read, misplacing things, more trouble planning or organizing. Many people still drive, work and socialize. Care that helps:
- A diagnosis and care plan from a doctor.
- Legal, financial and health care planning while your parent can take part. See power of attorney.
- Routines, reminders and staying active.
Middle stage (moderate)
Common changes: forgetting personal history, confusion about place or time, needing help choosing clothes, changes in sleep, wandering, bladder or bowel trouble, mood and behavior changes. Often the longest stage. Care that helps:
- Daily help at home, or dementia home care.
- Adult day care and respite for caregivers.
- Home safety changes. See the home safety checklist.
- Memory care when safety or caregiving becomes too much.
Late stage (severe)
Common changes: losing the ability to respond to surroundings, carry on a conversation and eventually control movement; trouble walking, sitting and swallowing; greater risk of infections. Care that helps:
- Around-the-clock personal care at home, in memory care or a nursing home.
- Comfort: music, gentle touch, familiar voices.
- Hospice, which Medicare covers when a doctor certifies a life expectancy of 6 months or less.
A note on timing
Stages are a general guide. It can be hard to place someone in a single stage, and the pace varies. Plan ahead for the next stage rather than waiting for a crisis.
Planning care for a parent with dementia?
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Questions families ask
What are the stages of dementia?
The Alzheimer's Association describes three general stages for Alzheimer's: early (mild), middle (moderate) and late (severe).
Which stage of dementia is the longest?
The middle stage is typically the longest and can last for many years.
When should someone with dementia move to memory care?
When safety, wandering or care needs are more than home can handle. See when is it time for memory care.
Does Medicare cover hospice for dementia?
Yes, when a doctor certifies a life expectancy of 6 months or less and the person chooses comfort care.